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Rural hospitality and tourism (RHT) play a key role in rural revitalization, especially due to the impact of COVID-19, with more citizens choosing to travel to the countryside for a staycation. Local SMEs, especially family-owned enterprises, make up the majority of the RHT sector, not only providing services and products to satisfy tourists, but also helping with local employment. However, entrepreneurs operating in rural areas face many challenges in terms of capital, skills and education. Hence, it is important to explore the entrepreneurial intention (EI) of local people and how policies can support or change their behaviours. Current research on the RHT industry, rarely study the EI of local people, and the literature on rural entrepreneurship concentrates on developed countries. This study therefore uses agent-based modelling to explore how locals' EI in Chongming island (China) respond to the current impact of COVID-19, and whether policies will bring about changes on the supply side of RHT sector. © SW 2023.All rights reserved
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The purpose of this book is to provide a model that speaks specifically to adopting Information Technology Governance (ITG) and University Governance processes. Utilizing numerous studies, investigations and research on IT and University Governance and adapting previous and future proposed models for the current pandemic, the book speaks specifically to adopting effective ITG and University Governance processes. The book comprises a number of chapters contributed by leading international authors which analyze all aspects of IT and University Governance in relation to their impact on strategies in Finance, Sustainability, Academic, Research, Students and Faculty, Leadership, Campus, Employment and Recruitment, Quality Assurance, External and Industrial Relations, Internationalization, Transformation, and Board and Scholarship. Findings from the research conducted by these leading authors provide solutions for higher education institutions in planning and allocating IT resources, managing the ownership of IT and other business projects while developing strategic committees and providing appropriate governance within the context of institutional objectives. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
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Purpose: The purpose of this article is to identify the features of sustainable development of the MERCOSUR countries in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: The authors use comparative and retrospective analysis to identify the distinguishing characteristics of countries meeting the sustainable development goals. The objects of research are the MERCOSUR countries. Findings: It has been established that Uruguay is the undisputed leader in sustainable development in the context of COVID-19. Two countries: Brazil and Venezuela slowed down the pace of implementation of national sustainable development strategies due to the pandemic and other reasons. Originality/value: According to the results of the analysis, it was revealed that countries that have long-term national strategies for sustainable development are more stable in achieving sustainable development goals. The size of a national economy does not guarantee that it can successfully overcome an external shock such as the lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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Il Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza (PNRR) stanzia oltre 230 miliardi di risorse per la ripartenza dell'economia dopo la crisi del Covid-19. Quest'articolo fornisce un'analisi del PNRR, con un focus sulle sue implicazioni di politica industriale. La sfida della ricostruzione dell'economia italiana richiede una minore frammentazione degli interventi e l'esplicitazione di una traiettoria di sviluppo di medio periodo;tale visione è però assente nell'impostazione e nei contenuti del Piano. Le risorse nazionali ed europee disponibili per affrontare la crisi dovrebbero concentrarsi su obiettivi e settori prioritari, come le tecnologie digitali, le attività economiche sostenibili dal punto di vista ambientale e i servizi di benessere e sanità pubblica. Sono necessari nuovi strumenti politici mirati, che vadano oltre gli incentivi ‘orizzontali' alle imprese;nuove istituzioni pubbliche potrebbero guidare gli sforzi di investimento verso una nuova traiettoria di sviluppo.Alternate abstract:Italy's National Recovery and Resilience Plan provides over 230 billion euros for rescuing the economy after the covid-19 crisis. This article provides an analysis of the Plan, with a focus on its industrial policy implications. The challenge of rebuilding the Italian economy would require less fragmentation of the measures and a medium-term development strategy, but such a vision is missing from the approach and content of the Plan. National and European resources available for addressing the crisis should focus on key priority fields, including digital technologies, environmentally sustainable economic activities, and welfare and public health services. New targeted policy tools are required, moving beyond ‘horizontal' incentives to firms, and new public institutions could guide investment efforts towards a new development trajectory.
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PurposeThis study aims to examine the commonalities and contrasts in the tourism objectives and strategies of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, thereby revealing the foundations and pillars underlying the strategic initiatives implemented.Design/methodology/approachThis exploratory study applied the resource-based view (RBV) lens to the country level. A comparative analysis of the tourism strategy in each GCC country was undertaken to determine commonalities and contrasts between the different strategies and to classify them into clusters. In the next stage, in-depth interviews were carried out to validate the findings.FindingsFour distinct clusters were identified in this paper: lifestyle glamor, emerging giant, sports-induced country branding and eco-friendly regional-based strategies.Practical implicationsThe findings and cluster classification are pertinent to policymakers and industry marketers in crafting tourism development plans.Originality/valueThis study analyzed the economic diversification strategies adopted by GCC countries as new entrants in the tourism sector and classified them into four clusters.
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Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia, teachers in schools all over the country have been learning to use various network resources to carry out online teaching and launch a new Internet teaching model based on diversified online classrooms. Under such extreme circumstances, teachers and students were forced to collide with online teaching for the first time, and an unprecedented large-scale online teaching practice kicked off. A full range of online teaching activities and the use of online teaching platforms have changed the way of teaching interaction between teachers and students. The article first analyzes the situation of education and teaching during the epidemic, introduces the application of association rule technology, DBSCAN algorithm, etc. in teaching interactive courseware, studies the interactive courseware development strategy based on data mining mode, provides online teaching system for teachers, intelligent monitoring system and human nature. It is convenient for students to use instant messaging software, online discussion and online answering for interactive learning. © 2022 IEEE.
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The transformation of patent is of great significance to the innovation-driven development strategy. In the process of using patents for production, internal and external risks of high-tech enterprises often lead to uncertainty in their output, and COVID-19 has exacerbated the risks. Studying patent operation strategy of high-tech enterprises under such conditions is of great significance to the enterprises and even the supply chain as a whole. In order to study the problem of how companies choose among common patent strategies, previous studies have used algorithms to predict risk. This article constructs a two-party and three-party game model including high-tech suppliers. And the optimal patent strategy before and after supply chain coordination is discussed;The article gives the optimal patent strategy under different conditions. And it is found that regardless of the decentralized or centralized decision, the patent licensing strategy is superior when the potential profitability is small;the patent sharing strategy is superior when the potential profitability is large;and the patent monopoly strategy is superior only when the potential profitability is in the medium size. © 2022 IEEE.
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According to the Regional Rural Development Program 2014-2020, most of the territory of Basilicata is classified as "Rural Areas with Development Problems (D)”. As such, it suffers from severe processes of marginalization due to depopulation, population aging and the cessation of activities related to micro companies. These phenomena weaken local socio-economic systems and constitute a risk factor for maintaining the environmental balance. In addition, the economic instability resulting from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact, especially on the agricultural enterprises that offer diversified activities and services to meet tourism demand (with non-hotel accommodation and catering services), mainly associated with non-traditional tourism. The point of view from which this situation can be observed and analyzed is the Lagonegrese-Pollino subregion. Despite numerous factors due to the obvious marginality and weakness of the territory, there are factors in this area that allow for change in terms of sustainable planning of the territory, in which not only the institutional actors but also the local population play a central role. These are the conditions to investigate the central policies and ad hoc programming tools, especially regarding sustainable and quality tourism development. Starting from the National Strategy for Inner Areas to the Local Development Strategy, through the analysis of a project for the conversion and reuse of a railway infrastructure transformed into a greenway (the disused Lagonegro-Spezzano Albanese), the work aims to evaluate which instruments can activate sustainable fruition paths in the analyzed subregion and, in particular, whether participation and social activation represent an added value for the creation of territorial renewal processes. © 2022 Societe Belge de Geographie. All rights reserved.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has accelerated the growth of the digital therapeutics (DTx) market;therefore, development strategies for new DTx products are necessary to satisfy market needs. However, data-driven methods for recommending digital healthcare technologies for novel DTx applications are scarce. We propose a technology opportunity discovery framework that recommends 1) potential technologies as new DTx products, and 2) the applicable target disorders. We applied BERTopic and PatentSBERTa to patents filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office and calculated the score of potential technologies on the basis of their thematic characteristics with respect to their digital capabilities and similarity to DTx technologies. By identifying the target disorder of similar technologies, specific disorders were proposed that can be treated with the proposed technique. By applying the proposed framework to psychiatric disorders—one of the largest therapeutic areas of DTx, we recommend digital monitoring technologies applicable to poor breathing or sleeping patterns for cognitive impairment. Furthermore, we provide strategies to utilize the recommended digital technologies for DTx for specific disorders to facilitate a direct intervention or treatment, which can contribute to the planning of roadmaps for DTx. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.
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Now, more than ever, infrastructure integration in Africa has become critical to recalibrating Africa's growth strategy toward increased intraregional trade, especially in an era of global isolationism, protectionism and supply chain disruptions from COVID and the war in Ukraine. This paper investigates the extent to which infrastructure development and integration can act as a catalyst for trade, innovation and income improvements in Africa. Using panel data analysis, we show that the infrastructure sector with the strongest multiplier effect on economic activity is the information and communication technology (ICT) sector, followed by the transport sector, the electricity sector and, last, the water sector. This ranking of the catalytic role of infrastructure sectors should guide policy prioritisation on infrastructure investments to accelerate growth and unlock the potential of the AfCFTA. Benchmarking exercises on infrastructures' catalytic role in the regional economic communities (RECs) show that infrastructure has had the strongest impact on economic outcomes in the East African Community bloc, making the EAC a type of flying‐geese RECs for other regions to emulate.
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The COVID-19 pandemic brought about an unimagined level of federal investment in regional economic development and much greater political attention to its priorities. Economic development researchers have an opportunity to contribute to an array of federally funded and pandemic-inspired regional experiments, many of which reflect shifting concerns about economic development and what constitutes success. Among these include the importance of addressing historical racial, ethnic, and gender inequalities;the value of research and development as a solution to major human problems;the severity of impending workforce shortages in key sectors;the fragility of many highly efficient global supply chains;and the inadequacy of our underinvested economic data infrastructure to help understand these issues. Researchers have a unique opportunity to examine the regional impacts of national issues by improving public investment logic models, advocating for an improved data infrastructure, and providing evidence to address the long-standing tension between growth and equity as competing economic development priorities.
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The Covid-19 pandemic interrupted Bangsaen Beach activities and disturbed livelihoods of small business operators. Before the pandemic, Bangsaen tourism experienced issues of beach quality degradation due to overcrowding, competitive vending, and lack of diversification. After the pandemic, the municipality imposed new regulations, reset zones to safeguard the public health, and jump-started the economy. The changing regulations created conflicts with vendors on zoning rearrangements and reduced sales. The author conducted a survey to investigate the beach activities, the local small business operations, and the local authority's regulation changes. The survey results indicated that Bangsaen needs alternative attractions to complement its beach activities and to help cope with traffic congestion. The results also find out the social disparity in the demography of the vendors, which calls for attention to gender aspects and inclusive facets in the social infrastructure development strategy. This study suggests that vendors collaborate collectively with the local government to challenge the appropriation of beach spaces and to create innovative tactics. In addition, destination management organizations need to strive for better collaboration with small business operators to help them adapt to the change and enter the formal economy.
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This study seeks to explore whether enhancing the digital channel in fine dining restaurants turns out to be a development strategy under covid-19. Latin America's 50 Best Restaurants for the period 2020 and 2021 is selected as a case, because: (1) there are 50 restaurants belonging to the fine dining category and therefore possible to compare each other, (2) being an annual ranking, it is possible analyze the variation in their operations, after two years under covid-19, (3) all of them have an official website. The methodology consists of reviewing each of the 50 restaurants (both website and Instagram social network) for the period 2020 and 2021, based on predefined aspects. It is concluded that promoting the digital channel in fine dining restaurants turns out to be a development strategy under covid-19, as observed in restaurants in the 50 best rest ranking in 2020, which shows an increase in digitalization to satisfy a digital segment that previously was not being fully served. © 2022 IEEE.
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The purpose of the study is to identify and evaluate the impact of knowledge dynamics processes on the effectiveness of the project implementation of changes in product distribution channels under conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. Implementation of changes is a result of external circumstances related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Adaptation activities can be based on project management aimed at changing existing distribution channels in a turbulent environment. With reference to the considerations presented in the study, it can be pointed out that knowledge management processes allow to observe and describe changes in the environment, indicating the justification of emerging threats and opportunities in the company's environment and the company's response, particularly under COVID-19 pandemic conditions, which fills an identified research gap. The implication from the research is that there is a significant impact of external conditions, shaped by the COVID-19 pandemic, on the implemented project of changing sales in different distribution channels, which can be neutralized by the effectiveness of knowledge management in the company. The research methods used to achieve the stated objective are literature study, descriptive analysis and case study. The empirical research was based on a company making its sales in the European market. The study period was 2018-2020. The research problem is important and current issue because of possibility of achieving companies knowledge increment and increase the effectiveness of project implementation in the perspective of changes in the external environment. © 2022, Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited. All rights reserved.
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During the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, the oil industry has been pivotal in influencing all countries' geopolitical, economic, and human development strategies. Until recently, the debate was about peak oil and what would happen after oil finished. However, due to technological advances and hydraulic fracturing, shale oil formations have become economically viable due to the United States' desire to achieve energy security to make a qualitative shift in the oil industry and the geopolitics of oil. Therefore, this paper deals with an economic model that illustrates the impact of oil price fluctuations to the shale oil and gas companies by analyzing the main determinants of continuity of shale oil and gas companies in production if global oil prices decline or rise. In addition, the study will investigate the effects of OPEC+ policy and Covid-19 on the future of shale oil industry. The study will discuss some future scenarios for global energy trends and predict what the shale industry will look like in the future. The study concluded the shale industry faces an internal destructive process (within the industry itself) and external (Renewable energy, OPEC and Covid-19). The stability of oil prices is a critical factor that promotes the shale industry's recovery. However, shale industry is expected to continue with low productivity growth rates and continuing government support for it. © The Author(s) 2022.
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Drug repurposing is the technique of finding new uses for currently used or under-researched drugs. Because this strategy requires less time and money, it is thought to be a particularly effective drug development strategy. Due to current technological breakthroughs, the accessibility of vast and reliable database resources, as well as data accessibility from genomes, proteomics, transcriptomics, etc., there are numerous opportunities to identify drugs by drug repurposing. The recent SARS-COV-2 epidemic, which has so far claimed 6,245,750 lives, has significantly increased the use of bioinformatics techniques in deciphering the characteristics of viral diseases. Using FDA-approved antiviral drugs that target the COVID-19 spike protein, we have used a bioinformatics approach to drug repurposing to find possible effective inhibitors against the Coronavirus (COVID-19). We used a variety of bioinformatics tools in this study, including AutoDock-Vina, PyMol, and Discovery Studio, to identify a promising drug called Cepharanthine (CEP), which demonstrates successful outcomes and efficacy compared to recently used antiviral drug candidates like arbidol, talampicillin, bromhexine, chloroquine, lycorine, bruceine A, reserpine, indinavir, galidesiver, doxycycline, methisazone, flupentixol, trifluoperazine and fluoxetine. The potential therapeutic value of cepharanthine as a drug for treating COVID-19 has been investigated in this study. It is expected that the proposed study will help medical professionals and researchers cure disorders linked to Severe acute respiratory and variations of it. © 2022 IEEE.
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Instruments for the sustainable growth attract a lot of attention. An assessment of e-commerce development through the example of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam allows determining the prospects for this branch of digital economy in most of the developing countries. The aim of this study is to assess the role of e-commerce in sustainable economic growth and to identify areas in which the strategy for e-commerce development in Vietnam until 2025 can be improved. The research methods include dynamic SWOT analysis, correlation analysis, and cluster analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics 23 software. Within the study the conditions for the development of the e-commerce market in Vietnam are identified;the role of e-commerce in ensuring sustainable economic growth is analyzed;the relationship between e-commerce and other economic and social factors affecting growth and development is analyzed;directions for the development of e-commerce in each Vietnamese province are proposed. The scientific novelty of this work consists in the approach proposed for assessing the contribution of e-commerce to the sustainable growth of GDP and the classification of e-commerce development policies based on the level of regional development. The authors provide recommendations for improving the government strategy for e-commerce development in Vietnam based on the grouping of administrative entities according to their technological and infrastructural development. The results of the study can be used in the elaboration of the government policy on the development of e-commerce and the digital economy in general – not only in Vietnam, but in other developing countries as well. © 2022, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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Problem, research strategy, and findingsCity governments and planners alike commonly seek to increase pedestrian activity on city streets as part of broader sustainability, community building, and economic development strategies. Though walkability has received ample attention in planning literature, most planners still lack practical methods for predicting how development proposals could affect pedestrian activity on specific streets or public spaces at different times of the day. Cities typically require traffic impact assessments (TIAs) but not pedestrian impact assessments. In this study I present a methodology for estimating pedestrian trip generation and distribution between detailed origins and destinations in both existing and proposed built environments. Using the betweenness index from network analysis, I introduce a number of methodological improvements that allow the index to model pedestrian trips with parameters and constraints to account for pedestrian behavior in different settings. I demonstrate its application in the Kendall Square area of Cambridge (MA), where estimated foot traffic is compared during lunch and evening peak periods with observed pedestrian counts.Takeaway for practiceThe proposed approach can be particularly useful for TIAs, neighborhood plans, and large-scale development projects, where pedestrian flow estimates can be used to guide pedestrian infrastructure and safety improvements and public space investments or for locating pedestrian priority streets during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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No contexto atual, no qual vivencia-se a propagação do novo coronavírus (Covid-19), a tecnologia ganha roupagem diferenciada, mormente, interpretada como produto ou combinação inusitada de processos, baseada nos pressupostos da ciência, com vistas à superação dos desafios que foram criados ou avultados à vida humana. No espaço rural brasileiro, se por um lado, a incidência viral em nível global afeta negativamente distintos sujeitos do campo, por outro lado, ela destaca a importância, para toda a sociedade, de uma categoria social produtora de alimentos, em geral, mais saudáveis, mas, sobretudo tecnologicamente inovadora. À luz dessa problemática, este ensaio se propõe a refletir sobre as formas de concepção tecnológica desenvolvidas pela agricultura familiar que podem vir a configurar estratégias de desenvolvimento rural mais sustentáveis e contextualizadas em tempos de (pós) pandemia. Para tanto, é metodologicamente pautado em pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais realizadas no segundo semestre de 2020 e tem como cerne teórico as perspectivas de sistemas tecnológicos e de construção social da tecnologia. Como principais alcances, contribui na composição de uma agenda de pesquisa e mobilização sociotécnica voltada a iniciativas contra-hegemônicas de desenvolvimento rural a serem constituídas no contexto de (pós) pandemia.Alternate :En el contexto actual de pandemia, la tecnología adquiere una forma diferente, interpretada principalmente como un producto o una combinación inusual de procesos y basada en los supuestos de la ciencia con miras a superar los desafíos que fueron creados o añadidos a la vida humana. En el espacio rural brasileño, más allá de la incidencia negativa del coronavirus a nivel global, resalta la importancia que tiene el campo en su categoría social como productor de alimentos más saludables, en general, y sobre todo tecnológicamente innovadores. Ante esta problemática, este artículo se propone reflexionar sobre las formas de concepción tecnológica desarrolladas por la agricultura familiar que pueden llegar a configurar estrategias de desarrollo rural más sustentables y contextualizadas en tiempos pospandémicos. Para ello se basa metodológicamente en una investigación bibliográfica y documental realizada durante el segundo semestre de 2020, tiene como eje teórico las perspectivas de los sistemas tecnológicos y la construcción social de la tecnología, y contribuye a la generación de una agenda de investigación y movilización sociotécnica orientada a iniciativas contrahegemónicas de desarrollo rural.Alternate :In the present context, dominated by the Covid-19 pandemic, technology gains a new shape as a product or an unusual combination of processes oriented to overcome the challenges that were created or added to human life. In the Brazilian rural space, notwithstanding the global negative incidence of the pandemic, the importance of a social category that produces healthier and technologically innovative food for everyone is highlighted. This article proposes to reflect on the forms of technological conception developed by family farming that may come to configure more sustainable and contextualized strategies for rural development in these (post) pandemic times. The article is methodologically based on a bibliographic research carried out during the second half of 2020 and its theoretical core resides in the concepts of technological systems and the social construction of technology. It contributes to a research and socio-technical mobilization agenda aimed at constituting counter-hegemonic rural development initiatives.
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This study analyzes some of the best strategies and techniques to increase water savings by using the concept of sustainable development. This study evaluated major observations to promote economic growth, advance energy solutions, and improve students' healthy lives and well-being. Quantitative data was retrieved to evaluate water using various self-monitoring, analysis, and reporting technology (S.M.A.R.T.) equipment for an observation. The economic analysis provided a positive return on investment (ROI), while saving energy and improving the student well-being. A survey was formulated to measure student satisfaction and to add credibility to research. It has been proven with credible qualitative surveys that when students see and feel better, they are likely to improve academically. COVID 19 effects are examined into the end of the research to discover its effect on campuses utility usage. It is concluded from all the results of the testing that the findings demonstrate the social and economic goals of the university projects depend on the environment. The larger implications of the findings were that sustainability for a campus can benefit any size university. However, other lower budget institutions interested in initiating campus energy efficiency goals might benefit from undertaking low-cost educational strategies and techniques. This study builds on prior research that can offer a different type of vision on how to develop a culture of sustainability for any university. © ASCE.